Sunday, May 13, 2007

Family support = Carers, Domestic violence , Family support ,Respite care



Carers




Introduction



A carer is anyone who looks after a relative or friend who needs support because of age, mental health problems, physical or learning disability or illness. There are approximately 5.7 million carers in Britain excluding health professionals and care workers.
Most carers are between the ages of 45 and 64, with a slightly higher proportion of women than men. However, many carers are outside that age group with many young carers caring for a parent, sibling or other relative. Many parent carers look after disabled children, and a large number of older people provide significant care to others.
Many carers provide personal care such as bathing, washing, dressing and toileting. Many also provide physical help with getting in and out of bed, walking and getting up and down stairs.
Caring for someone can be physically exhausting and emotionally demanding. Many carers have to give up employment, leading to loneliness, living on Government benefits and consequent financial difficulties.
Continue to the
next section "Facts"



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Domestic violence


Introduction
Domestic violence is any form of violence between people who already have a relationship, or have had one in the past, for example husband and wife, or former partners. Adults of all ages, genders, races and sexualities can be affected.
The term ‘domestic violence’ covers a range of different situations that can happen in your home or elsewhere. It only applies to people over 18.
Although both men and women can be affected, over 80% of victims are women. Over 12 million incidents a year happen to women and figures may be even higher if more people reported the violence. Women are also more at risk from repeated violence and more at risk of serious injury, and even death. Domestic violence can also have a serious effect on children.
Most forms of domestic violence are criminal offences. People who carry it out can be punished in a court of law.
If you are experiencing domestic violence, you may feel unable to ask for help or take control of the situation. You may want to seek help, but feel afraid of what the consequences could be. It’s important to remember that there are many confidential organisations out there that can help you.
Continue to the next section "Definition"


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Family support


Introduction
Family life isn't always easy, and it's not uncommon to feel angry, depressed or stressed when things go wrong. Coping with divorce, coming to terms with adoption, dealing with neglect or abuse, or living with parents who don't understand you are all examples of difficult family issues that put a lot of strain on relationships.
Family problems can often be very sensitive and emotional, and it can be hard to know what to do for the best. It's important to remember that you are not alone - try talking to someone you trust. This could be a parent, close friend, social worker or teacher.
Talking to other people with similar experiences can also help. There are many support groups for parents and carers that give people the chance to tell their own stories and give support to each other.
For more serious problems, such as child abuse or domestic violence, there are specialist organisations that can help. You can talk through the problem confidentially with advisors who are trained to give support and help. In cases where a person's safety is in danger, social services or the police may need to be informed, but this will be discussed first.
Sometimes families have to separate for the health and welfare of all. This may involve children moving into a foster or care home, or the parents separating and moving to different places. Sometimes families are divided by long-term illness or disability that stops a family member living at home.
Whatever the problem, there are a range of services that offer advice and support to families. This includes social workers, youth workers, family support workers, parent and child centres, support groups, and counselling services. These types of services help families to improve and work through difficult issues, ensure children have a stable environment to live in, and provide support for parents who are finding it hard to cope.


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Respite care
Introduction
Respite care is a short break away from your carer, which provides a rest for yourself and your carer. If you are being cared for in your home because of illness, disability or frailty, your Social Services Department may be able to offer respite care services to support your carer to continue their caring role.
Respite care can take place in a variety of settings. It might be for a few hours a day at a day centre; or for a few days, or a couple of weeks in a residential home or nursing home or living with an approved support family in some areas. A sitting service at home can also sometimes be arranged.
Continue to the next section "How does it work?"

Complementary medicines

Complementary medicines , Acupuncture , Introduction

Acupuncture is a form of traditional Chinese medicine that originated around 2,000 years ago. Acupuncture is based on the belief that the working of the human body is controlled by a life force called Qi (pronounced chee). This flows between the organs of the body along pathways called meridians or channels.
There are 12 meridians for the 12 main organs of the body, including the heart, liver, lungs, kidney and stomach. Although the meridians are named after particular organs, the name refers to other associated organs as well. For example, the kidney meridian is associated with the ears, eyes, bones, genitals, urethra and anus. Qi energy must run in the correct strength through these channels for us to be healthy. Illness occurs when the flow of Qi is blocked or unbalanced.
Acupuncture points are located along the meridians. Needles are inserted in these places to unblock or alter the flow of Qi. This is thought to balance the proper flow of Qi and restore health.
Why is it necessary?
In Western medicine, acupuncture is generally used to treat the symptoms of a condition rather than the condition or disease itself. It can be helpful in relieving pain, and as a result, is the most common used complementary therapy on the NHS. Studies show that acupuncture is effective for treating post-operative nausea and vomiting, chemotherapy related nausea and vomiting, sickness and nausea in pregnancy, and post-operative dental pain.
As yet, research into the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for chronic pain has not produced consistent results, which is due partly to the small scale of the studies that have taken place. Although research shows that acupuncture is not harmful, several studies suggest it is no more effective than a placebo. Therefore, acupuncture is generally used as a second or third treatment option on the NHS for patients with chronic pain, such as migraine, arthritis or back pain. It is not normally recommended unless conventional treatment has failed.
Symptoms such as pain or sickness can indicate that there is a more serious problem inside the body. Your doctor will try to find the cause of the symptoms before recommending acupuncture.

Blood disorders and Cancer

Blood disorders
Anaemia
Bites, insect
Blood poisoning
Blood pressure (high)
Blood pressure (low)
Diabetes
Diabetes insipidus
Differential test
Drink spiking
Haemophilia
Hughes syndrome
Hyperglycaemia
Hyperlipidaemia and lipid-lowering medicines
Hypoglycaemia
Jaundice
Jaundice - newborn
Leukaemia
Multiple myeloma
Osteoporosis
Poisoning
Rhesus disease
Septic shock
Sickle-cell anaemia
Thalassaemia
Toxic shock syndrome


Cancer

Anaemia



Blood disorders

Anaemia
Introduction

Blood contains a fluid called plasma that includes three different types of cells:

white blood cells are part of the body’s immune system, and defend it against infection,

red blood cells carry oxygen around the body in a substance called haemoglobin, and

platelets help the blood to clot.

Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Vast quantities (millions) of new cells are produced each day to replace old cells that break down. Nutrients from food, such as iron and certain vitamins, help ensure that your bone marrow remains healthy, and is able to produce a constant supply of red blood cells and haemoglobin.

Anaemia

Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. Anaemia is a condition where the blood is unable to carry enough oxygen due to a low number of red blood cells, or because each red blood cell is unable to carry as much oxygen as normal. Common symptoms of anaemia include feeling tired, faint, or breathless.There are several different types of anaemia, and each one has a different cause. One of the most common causes is iron deficiency. Other causes can include pregnancy, heavy periods, poor iron absorption caused by certain intestinal (gut) diseases, bleeding from the intestines, and a lack of certain vitamins, such as folic acid and vitamin B12.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of anaemia include:

tiredness,
lethargy,
feeling faint, and
breathlessness.

Less common symptoms of anaemia include:
headaches,
palpitations (irregular heart beat),
an altered sense of taste, and
ringing in the ears (tinnitus).
Depending on the underlying cause of your anaemia, you may also develop a number of other symptoms (as outlined below).
Iron deficiency anaemia
Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type of anaemia, affecting up to 30% of the world’s population. In developed countries, up to 14% of menstruating women have iron deficiency anaemia. The symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia include:
sore tongue (glossitis),
painful cracks at the corners of the mouth (cheilosis),
difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia),
brittle, flaking nails,
spoon-shaped nails,
pale skin (pallor), and
loss of weight.
Occasionally, if you have iron deficiency anaemia, you may have unusual dietary cravings (known as pica). In young children, iron deficiency anaemia can sometimes cause behavioural and developmental problems, and weaken their immune system.
Pernicious anaemia
Pernicious anaemia occurs when vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed properly from the diet. It causes soreness of the tongue, weight loss, skin pallor (often with a lemon tint), and intermittent diarrhoea. If left untreated, pernicious anaemia can affect the nervous system, causing tingling of the fingers and toes, muscle weakness, pains in the legs and difficulty walking, depression, and confusion.
Megaloblastic anaemia
In megaloblastic anaemia, the red blood cells are large and abnormal (megablastic). This type of anaemia develops if there is a deficiency of vitamin B12, or folic acid. As well as the general symptoms listed above, megaloblastic anaemia can also cause soreness of the tongue, indigestion, and diarrhoea.
Haemolytic anaemia
The symptoms of haemolytic anaemia include pale skin (often with a yellowish tinge), and an enlarged spleen, due to the break down of red blood cells (haemolysis).
Aplastic anaemia
Aplastic anaemia is a very rare condition, affecting just 2-5 people per million. It occurs when the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient numbers of red blood cells. It causes fever, sore throat, bruising, bleeding and blood spots, pale skin, and signs of heart failure (chest pain).

more....

Medical advice

Medical advice

Anaemia Bites, insect Blood poisoning Blood pressure (high) Blood pressure (low) Diabetes Diabetes insipidus Differential test Drink spiking Haemophilia Hughes syndrome Hyperglycaemia Hyperlipidaemia and lipid-lowering medicines Hypoglycaemia Jaundice Jaundice - newborn Leukaemia Multiple myeloma Osteoporosis Poisoning Rhesus disease Septic shock Sickle-cell anaemia Thalassaemia Toxic shock syndrome

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You Tell Us: Family Life

How we make birthdays special
"If my son's birthday is on a school day, I put balloons in the kitchen in the morning and let him open one present. It's something out of the ordinary to start his day off right." Kathryn Witt, Lemont, PA"We plan a family trip to a local museum, aquarium, or someplace unique to celebrate. Our two children love the adventure, and we get to do something special just for the birthday kid!" Shannon Daughdrill, Easthampton, MA"I create a collage of our favorite photos from the year and display it at my son's party. It's fun to see how much he's changed and to look at all of the good times we've had together."Wendi Brandow, Cohoes, NY Answer this month's question, and your quote could appear in Parenting or on Parenting.com:
Moms' 7 biggest driving mistakes -- and how to avoid them











By Emily BlochParenting.com
____________________________

Remember those plastic yellow "warning" signs people stuck on their cars back in the '80s -- "baby on board"? Maybe it's time they came back in style. Only this time, let's stick them on our foreheads. Because let's face it: In our constantly rushed and sleep-deprived state, we moms often don't drive as safely as we should.

Whether we're trying to get our kids to the doctor, a playdate, or daycare, and ourselves to work, the supermarket, or pickup, we've got a million things on our minds. And we're running late. This makes us, and our kids, more vulnerable to accidents. Car crashes are the leading cause of death for those ages 3 to 33. And nearly 80 percent of accidents result from driver distractions of just three seconds -- like handing a child a sippy cup! Here's how to avoid the biggest mistakes you could be making behind the wheel:

Chatting on your cell phone

It's tempting to use free minutes to arrange a playdate, but talking on your cell in a car is even worse than driving drunk. In a recent University of Utah study, the group using cell phones in a simulated environment had three accidents, while those who were inebriated had none. Why? Talking on a phone slows your reaction time (drunken drivers tend to be more aggressive, but they're not impaired the way cell-phone users are).
You're not off the hook if you use a headset. It doesn't matter how many hands you have on the wheel if you're not focused on the road. And while dialing a number is twice as dangerous as talking on the phone, we spend so little time dialing and so much time gabbing that they're equally risky, says Charlie Klauer, Ph.D., senior research associate at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, in Blacksburg. So:
• Don't talk on your cell, unless you absolutely must.
• If you need to make a call, keep it short. "The longer you're on the phone, the higher your risk goes up," says Klauer. A quick "Hey, I picked up some tacos and I'm on my way home," is OK. But "So I told her that I couldn't find the report, but she just walked away like she didn't even hear me, and then I was like, 'Well, I guess I'll have to write an e-mail to somebody's supervisor...'" is not.
• When your phone rings, let the person leave a message, and call her back later. Or look for a safe spot to pull over so you can return the call

http://www.cnn.com/parenting/article/0,19840,1210425,00.html?cnn=yes

Feeling overconfident

Think it's mostly men who drive like maniacs? Think again. According to a University of Minnesota study, while women tend to say they're pretty tame drivers, once behind the wheel they drive just as aggressively as men. Of course you want to be in charge while you drive, but cockiness can lead to accident-prone maneuvers, such as tailgating, blocking another car from your lane, and speeding. Be honest about your driving skills. Do you know evasive moves for avoiding an accident? If not, contact your state's department of motor vehicles for a list of approved defensive-driving courses -- some of which you can take online. A bonus: Many insurers offer policy discounts if you complete the course.

Driving while drowsy

More parents than nonparents say they drive while tired, according to the National Sleep Foundation. That's no surprise, considering how little sleep we get! But you should never underestimate how drowsiness can hamper your driving, and:
• As much as possible, get a good night's sleep  seven to nine hours is best.
• When you can't get enough rest, carpool or ask someone else to come. There'll be another person to look out for hazards or take over.
• Don't drive when you're naturally most drowsy. That usually means nighttime and that coma-inducing lull right after lunch.
• Take a quick nap, especially before a long trip. A cup of coffee may give you a jolt, but it won't help you stay alert, says Kristin Backstrom, president of Safe Smart Women, a driver-safety nonprofit in Silver Spring, Maryland.
• If you're driving and feel sleepy, sing out loud or roll down the window for some fresh air, and get to a safe rest area right away. Then take a walk, stretch, or nap.

Speeding

It's 5:15 p.m. Your child's day care is a 20-minute drive away. If you don't get there by 5:30, they charge you $1 for every minute you're late. Worse than that is the look the day-care provider shoots you when you walk in the door. Worse than that is the look your child shoots you. So who can blame you for going 55 mph in a 35-mph zone? We sympathize. But roughly 30 percent of all fatal crashes are due to speeding, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The faster you drive, the longer it takes to slow down if something unexpected arises. And most drivers don't realize how long it takes to reach a full stop. You need 300 feet to stop your car when you're going 60 miles per hour. And if you're driving an SUV -- which is basically a truck -- it can be harder to handle sudden stops. To tell if you're keeping a safe distance:

• Use the three-second rule during the day, in good weather and easy traffic. Choose a fixed object ahead of the car in front of you. After that car reaches the object, count "one-one thousand, two-one thousand...." If you get there before three seconds, you're following too closely.
• Make it six seconds at night or in bad weather or heavy traffic.
• In really bad weather, make it nine seconds.

Snacking while steering

Sometimes, the only real meal moms get is the coffee and bagel we scarf down while driving our kids to day care or school. "But when you look down at your food for a second, you're missing what's in front of you," says Arlene Greenspan, senior scientist at the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, in Atlanta, Georgia. "And that's how accidents happen." One NHTSA study found that eating is nearly as distracting as reading! If you really have to eat, keep food to the side and take bites only while you're waiting at a light.

Attending to your kids

How safely would you handle these mini-crises that pop up with kids in the car?
1. A car honking next to you wakes up your baby, and she starts to wail. You're just 15 minutes from home, so you:
A) Sing every lullaby you know the words to, and make up the ones you don't.
B) Reach back with your right hand to provide your pinkie for her to suck on.
C) Pull over at a parking lot to nurse her, figuring it might calm her.
2. You and your toddler are taking his friend home after a playdate. The friend lobs a sippy cup at your son. You:
A) Tilt the rearview mirror to look back and say, "Do that one more time, and..."
B) Turn around at a stoplight to get the cup from your son's revenge-seeking grip and to tell his friend, "Don't you do that again."
C) Say, "Stop that," turning around to grab the cup. (
Parenting.com: Avoiding parenting mistakes )
1. Either A or C is safe. "If your baby is crying but you know she's going to be fine, keep driving. If you want to check on her, you need to find a gas station or other safe place -- not a shoulder -- and pull over," says Backstrom.
2. Only B is safe. Why? The problem with using your rearview mirror to look at the backseat is that you're not looking at what you're supposed to be looking at: the road ahead. And, of course, never turn around while driving.

Slacking on car maintenance

In 2005 there were 660 fatalities and 33,000 injuries that were due to tires that were underinflated, overinflated, or that had worn treads -- which can make cars harder to handle. To be safe, you need to take care of your car, which is actually easy.
Every time you fill up the tank:
• Check the air in your tires with a pressure gauge. (Read your car manual for specifications.)
• Inspect your tire tread. When it wears down to 1/16 of an inch, the reduced traction can cause you to lose control when you brake or turn (especially in an SUV). Insert a penny into the tread with Lincoln's head facing out; if you see all of his head, get a new tire.
Every time you get your oil changed (typically, every three months or 3,000 miles):
• Ask the mechanic to also check your car's power steering, brake, transmission, and coolant levels.
• Turn on your headlights and turn signals; make sure they work. Check your brake lights.
Don't let it slide when:
• You're out of windshield fluid or the wipers are getting old. In a storm your view would be impaired.
• Your brakes feel "mushy" or in any way out of the ordinary.
• The "check engine" or any other warning light comes on.